How long do flower arrangements generally live?

According to the Society of American Florist most flower arrangements last 4-7 days or longer.  However, much depends on the flowers used and the care they receive.

How does water get up the stem against gravity?

The flower stem is filled with cells that work like a bundle of soda straws. As long as the bottoms of the straws are submerged, you can draw water up through them.  But pull the straws out of the glass while sucking on them and all you get is air.  Flowers do the same thing.

Do Flowers always require water?

Their demand for water is continuous, even when the flower is cut away from the mother plant. The difference is that cells in the stem have tiny screens that allow water to pass, but not air. So, when the flower stem is cut, a small air bubble forms at the end of the stem and is trapped. This acts like a barrier and prevents more water from getting up the stem even if you replace the stem in water.

When cut flowers do not take up water, what causes can it usually be traced to?

• Air Embolisms
• Poor Quality Water
• Bacterial Plugging
• Physiological Plugging

Why are flower preservatives and plant food Important in flower care?

When a flower is cut from the mother plant, it is separated from its life support system just like an astronaut without a temporary life support system – it’s in trouble. Thus, nearly all commercial floral preservatives contain the basic components of the life support system for the cut flower which are: biocide, acidifier & sugar.

What are Biocides?

• They are chemicals that kill the bacteria, yeasts, and fungi that feed on the sap that seeps from the cut flower stem.

What is the most important part of a Floral Preservative?

• Microorganism Growth Inhibitor

What can be found everywhere and ready to enter the cut surface of the stem of the cut flower and multiply?

• Bacteria and Fungi

What happens prior to actual decay symptoms of the Flower?
Cells of the water-transporting tissues become blocked with Microorganisms, inhibiting water uptake.

What other steps can be taken to aid the floral preservative in slowing down microorganisms?
First Step:
A Clean Vase or Container cleaned with soap and Clorox.

Second Step:
Remove all leaves below the water surface, very important.

What are the major factors in keeping cut flowers fresh?

• Water and water uptake are major factors in keeping cut flowers fresh.
• It’s an amazing sequence of events: You cut a rose stem and place it in a vase of water.
• Bacteria start to grow, and within 3 hours, there are 30 million bacteria’s in the vase!
• These bacteria plug the tiny straw-tubes that conduct water to the flower.

How can you tell if a flower has not been processed properly?

• Very simply if buds fail to open, necks weaken, stems bend, and leaves wilt then it is evident that the flower has not been processed the correct way.

What is Acid? (7-up or Lemon Juice)

• An acidifier makes the pH of the water more near the acid pH of the cell sap.
• The acidifier helps water move up the stem of the flower more easily.
• Hard water, like tap water, contains minerals which make it alkaline.
• Alkaline water does not move readily through cut flower stems and can substantially reduce vase life.
• Most water supplies are alkaline and can reduce the life of cut flowers.
• One can overcome this problem by acidifying the water.
• The acidifier also stabilizes the pigment and the color of the flower.
• This is why red roses turn “blue” when placed in water without a preservative or acidifier.

How does Sugar play a role?

• It acts as a flower food (This is why we put Sugar in our formula)

What is the importance of Food for Flowers?

• A cut flower has been removed from a major source of food—the leaves on the plant to which it was attached.
• Although the leaves on the flowering stem make food, once indoors they are in a reduced light situation and this limits available carbohydrates.

• Quality and vase life of many flowers can be further improved by supplying more food – sugar – after harvest.
• Sugar is routinely used to open bud-cut flowers before distribution and is included in most flower preservatives.

What are good food + acid combinations?

• Add one part lemon-lime soda (not diet) to 3 parts water.
• Then to each quart of this solution, add 1/4 teaspoon bleach.
• Thereafter, add 1/4 teaspoon bleach after each 4 days of use.
• Add 2 ounces Listerine mouthwash per gallon of water. Listerine contains sucrose (food) and a bactericide. Listerine is acidic and is said help water move up the cut stem.

Does using flower food increase the lifespan of cut flowers?

• Yes, the average flower vase life is increased by 43% when flower food is used.

Are there different processing treatments for different flowers?

• Yes, some flowers may require treatments different from those outlined below,
• but for most cut flowers and foliage, the following procedures will ensure the best possible quality
• Flower food solutions were developed to help retailers and consumers increase the vase life and opening of their flowers.
• These products contain all the essential ingredients of hydration solutions with the addition of sugar.
• The presence of sugar, however, increases microbial growth in solutions, even if the solution contains a biocide.
• Accordingly, it is critical that flowers are placed into clean, sanitized containers containing freshly made flower food solutions.
• Most flower food manufacturers have two products with sugar: a holding solution (or low-dose flower food) and a full-dose flower food for retailers and consumers.

Why is it critical to provide flower food packets to consumers?

• Vase life can double, and quality will be maintained longer when flower foods are used by consumers (see chart below).

What is Ethylene gas?

• Ethylene gas is a naturally-occurring plant growth regulator produced in high concentration by ripening fruits, vehicle exhausts, and cigarette smoke.

Can Ethylene Gas harm the Flowers?

• Yes, certain flower crops, especially Carnations, die rapidly if they are exposed to 1 minute concentrations of Ethylene Gas.

How can Ethylene Gas effects be prevented?

• NEVER SMOKE AROUND FLOWERS-EVEN IN DELIVERY VAN
• Do not exposes flowers to fruit
• Holding the flowers low temperatures

What are Specialized Care Solutions?

• Anti-leaf-yellowing products. Lilies and Alstroemeria are prone to developing premature leaf yellowing.
• Specialized anti-leaf-yellowing products are now available from several companies for use by growers, wholesalers and bouquet-makers.
• Packets of this product also are available for consumer use.
• The products are a mixture of naturally occurring plant hormones (or plant growth regulators—PRGs) that effectively eliminate leaf yellowing in lilies and Alstroemeria.
• Every retail buyer should make sure that his or her growers, wholesalers and bouquet-makers use these products.

What are Anti-microbial Products?

• Some flowers such as Gerberas have a reputation for contaminating hydration and vase solutions.
• Sanitizing agents such as quaternary ammonia and chlorine have long been recognized as effective in reducing the build-up of microbes in solutions.
• We have shown that a number of chlorine products, other than bleach, can reduce the accumulation of microbes in Gerbera solutions.
• For example, slow-release chlorine products are now available and are used by growers to successfully extend Gerbera vase life.

What are Bulb Foods?

• These products are intended for the final arrangements or bouquets containing cut bulb flowers.
• They are specially formulated for bulbs to extend flower life and maintain quality of all cut bulb flowers and are intended to be used by retailers and consumers.

What has been determined by extensive post harvest studies, the researchers stressed these vital points?

• The Three C’s
• Temperature must be properly managed (Cooling) throughout every stage in the delivery process from grower to consumer,
• Wholesalers and retailers must improve sanitation methods (Cleanliness) involving water and buckets, and
• The product cannot be mishandled (Care) at any point in the delivery process.

Which Flowers are Bulb Flowers?

• Amaryllis, Anemone, Calla Lily, Crocuses, Daffodils, Daisies, Dahlias, Daylilies, Freesia, Fritillaries, Gladiolus, Glory of the Snow, Hyacinth, Irises, Narcissus, Paperwhite, Ranunculus, Snowdrops, Tulips,   Winter Aconite.

What is the Conclusive Evidence that Flower care Solutions work?

• Flower care solutions are effective when mixed and used properly.
• They also are cost effective measures to ensure against premature loss of vase life and quality.
• Science has proven consistent increases in flower life, reductions in bent neck of roses, maintenance of leaf color, and prevention of leaf and flower drop with flower care products.
• Adopt an integrated approach whereby each type of solution is used at the right time, in the right sequence, for the right flower and for control of a specific problem.
• Always follow product label directions, and, if in doubt, seek advice from the manufacturer.
• Lastly, provide flower food to the consumer—don’t ignore this crucial step; future sales and repeat customers will depend on it.

What is the ideal Humidity for cut flowers?

• Above 95%.
• Apply a fine mist OF WATER with a squirt bottle to flowers.
• USE A HUMIDIFIER

What else cut the life short for Cut Flowers?

BLOWING AIR (FANS IN THE CEILING AND ON AIR CONDITIONERS) HEATED SURFACES

• OPEN LIGHTS.

What is the next most important step in storing flowers in the cooler?

• Storing Flowers at Proper Temperatures.

Why is it important to keep Flowers at low Temperatures?

• Because these temperatures aids in longevity by lowering the flower’s temperature
• Keeping flowers at low temperatures helps to slow plant tissue respiration and limits the depletion of food reserves in leaves and petals, which in turn slows the aging process.
• slowing transpiration (water loss)
• Other physiological activity.
• Exposing flowers to temperatures outside this optimal range reduces vase life dramatically.

What are the proper Cooling Conditions for most Flowers?

• Cooler Room:  Ideal Temperature is (34 – 36 F  or   0.5 to 2 C ) humidity, 90-95%

How often should the temperature in the Cooler be checked?

• Check first thing in the morning to determine overnight temperature.
• Monitor the floral refrigerator for large temperature fluctuations.
• A high/low thermometer, which records high and low temperatures over time, is recommended.

How can the Life of a Flower be extended?

• The life of most flowers can be lengthened significantly if, before arranging, they are conditioned in a refrigerator or cooler with a temperature of 34-38 degrees for six or more hours.

What is the proper temperature for storing Tropical Flowers?

• 60-65 Degrees

What Tropical Flowers are sensitive to Cold Temps?

• Anthurium
• Birds of Paradise
• Ginger
• Heliconia
• Orchids
• Protea
• Strelitzia
• Tropical orchids

FLOWER PREPARATION – General Information

Should flower processing functions be performed by a select few?

• Yes, It is recommended that only certain employees be trained in flower/plant care and processing techniques and that these trained employees are the only ones to perform processing functions.

Why are flowers cut underwater?

• Cuts made under-water assures no air enters the stem.
• Air causes air plugs or embolisms inside stems, this disrupting the flow of nutrients inside cut flowers.

How much of the flower stem do I cut off?

• One Inch (     cm)
• That opens up the surface area and allows more water to be drawn up the stem.

If the flower is removed from the water just for a several seconds do I have to waste my time to re-cut?

• YES, IMPORTANT: If cut flower that has been out of water more than a minute it should have a small portion of the lower stem cut off so that water will move up freely when it is returned to water.

How much of the flower stem do I have to cut off?

• 1 Inch – Important: Take an inch which is about all it should take to eliminate air blockages in the flower stem.
• That opens up the surface area and allows more water to be drawn up the stem.

Why do professionals cut flowers diagonally (45 degree angle)?

• Cutting diagonally keeps the stems from sitting flat on the bottom of the vase, which can block their access to water.
• Since flowers use a system of one-way ‘veins’ to soak up the necessary water, air can become trapped at the base of the stem.

Step 1

“PROCESSING IN” PROCEDURES FOR FLOWERS

Why is it so important how one handles the flowers?

• Bruising and other mechanical damage not only detract from the appearance of the product but are good avenues of entrance for decay organisms.
• The most important key to quality maintenance of cut flowers is careful handling
• Do not THROW OR HANDLE ROUGHLY

Which Cut Flowers are classified as Sensitive Flowers?

Some of the showier, more fragrant flowers are the same ones that wilt more quickly or bruise with the slightest touch.

• Amaryllis
• Callas
• Gardenias
• Lily of the Valley
• Orchids
• Stephanotis,

What procedure is best for Care and Handling of Sensitive Flowers?

• Many of these SENSITIVE FLOWERS lose moisture quickly from the petals and leaves.
• Cut blossoms can often be re-hydrated by floating them or submerging them in water.
• Different methods of working with these temperamental varieties can prevent bruising, discoloration, and early wilting.
• Flowers appreciate being sprayed with water often. Also, keep the water level in the container at a consistently high level to keep flowers fresh longer
• IMPORTANT: Handle All Flowers with Tender Loving Care!

Step 2

PREPARING WATER FOR CUTTING OF FLOWERS

How do I prepare a commercial underwater Cutter?

• In the cutter pan put 1 Tablespoons of Bleach.
  The Bleach will kill the bacteria in the water.
  This process DOES NOT require lemon or sugar.

Step 3

PREPARING WATER FOR STORAGE OF FLOWERS

What are the measurements for storage formula?

• 3 Bottles of 7-UP
• Equal amounts of water that is 110 degrees (unless tropical flowers).
• 5 tablespoons of Clorox
• Make small amounts so we can be assured it is warm water which allows the flowers to absorb more water at a faster rate.

Or

• 2 tablespoons of lemon juice
• 1 tablespoon of sugar
• 1/4 teaspoon of bleach in a quart of warm water
• Add another 1/4 teaspoon of bleach to the vase every 4 days.

Why should the water be 110 Degrees?

• It is absolutely necessary we use warm water.  Warm water allows the flowers to absorb more water at a faster rate.

What should be done as soon as flowers are cut?

• When flowers are first cut, plunging them into deep, cool water up to their necks lowers the temperature of the stems and petals, crisps the flowers and slows dehydration and decay.

What flowers benefit more with a higher level of sugar in their 7-Up Formula?

• Baby’s-Breath,
• Gladiolus,
• Lisianthus,
• Tuberose,
• Bird-of-Paradise,
• Brodiaea
• When processing these flowers mix the formula exactly as above, then at the end add to the 7-up  mixture extra 1/2 cup sugar.

How can the Vase Life of Flowers be increased?

• When flowers are first cut, plunging them into deep, cool water up to their necks lowers the temperature of the stems and petals, crisps the flowers and slows dehydration and decay. The life of most flowers can be lengthened significantly if, before arranging, they are conditioned in a refrigerator or cooler with a temperature of 38-40 degrees for six or more hours.

STEP 4

REMOVE WRAPPING FROM FLOWERS

What is De-bunching?

“De-bunch” means removing the rubber band or twist-tie at the base of the stems.

The PLASTIC SLEEVE should be left on for TULIPS to confine their growth.

PLASTIC SLEEVE should be left on ROSES for 12 HOURS ONLY to keep them upright during HYDRATION for all other Flowers, removed PLASTIC SLEEVE to prevent botrytis mold from developing on the cut flowers.

STEP 5

LEAVES OR FOLIAGE REMOVAL

How many leaves do I remove from the Flowers?

• Remove all Leaves and Foliage that will fall below the water solution line.

How much of the leaves should be removed on most cut flowers?

• 20-25%

How much of the leaves should be removed from Roses?

• Roses generally last longer when fewer leaves are removed
• If high temperatures, dirty solutions, and/or other stressful conditions will likely exist resulting in inadequate solution uptake, more leaf removal is better.
• Translation: more leaves removed the poorer the post harvest handling.

Should the Thorns be removed from Roses?

Basically, it is not good for the life of the rose.  When the thorns are removed from cut roses, the life expectancy and beauty of the rose has been decreased. A thorn cannot be considered just a decorative aspect of the rose. The thorn is an important part of the stem due to its role in helping the rose to take in water. If thorns must be removed it should be done properly in order not to damage the stem.  If the stem is damaged then the rose will not be healthy and the rose could possibly have a shorter lifespan as a result.  If removing thorns it is recommended to leave some thorns on the stem during the thorn removal process. If roses are to be put in a flower vase then leave the thorns that will be underwater intact.

Why can’t I remove Thorns from Roses?

• It will leave an opening in the stem and therefore, it exposes its capillaries to air.
• Do not remove thorns from roses as it tends to shorten their life.

STEP 6

CUTTING OF FLOWERS

Why do flowers have to be re-cut when bringing from wholesaler?

• Re-cutting removes previous stem blockages

Why do professionals cut flowers underwater?

• Underwater cutting prevents further blockage from air bubbles

What is the proper way to cut a flower?

• Cut stems under water with commercial underwater cutter at least one inch from the stem end.

How should the end of the flower be cut?

• Always make a cut on a slant, as it exposes more stem surface area.

How Do I Transfer Cut Flowers To Glass Vase?

• Use the flower processing Solution.
• Make sure your Water Temp is 110 degrees.
• Carefully transfer your flowers into their vase without shaking the water off the cut ends.
• Make sure water covers the leaf removal area.

Can the storage container be completely full of flowers?

–         NO, this practice is totally unacceptable.  Do not put too many flowers in one container.

–         Reason: Overcrowding causes bruising and bruising means faster dying, and faster dying means more shrinkage and loss of money.

Do all flowers go into warm water?

No, Bulb Flowers use Cold Water.

What are the bulb flowers that use cold water instead of warm water?

• Allium, Amaryllis,   Anemone, Calla Lily, Crocuses, Daffodils, Daisies, Dahlias, Daylilies, Freesias, Fritillaria Gladiolus, Glory of the Snow, Hyacinth, Irises, Narcissus, Paperwhite, Ranunculus, Snowdrops, Tulips, Winter Aconite.

STEP 7

Hardening of Flowers

What is “HARDENING of Cut Flowers?

• It is the process of placing the flowers in warm water and then placing them in a cool area FREE FROM DRAFTS is referred to as hardening.
• Hardening” ensures maximum water uptake.
• It simply means placing the freshly cut flower stems in 110° F (43.5° C) water (plus preservative) in a cool location for at least 3 hours. This opens the capillaries so the water can flow to the flower heads.
• Maximum water uptake is attained because water molecules move rapidly at 110° F (kinetic energy) and quickly move up the flower stems.  Flowers at cool temperatures lose less water.
• IMPORTANT:  In this one brief period while the water is cooling, freshly harvested stems, leaves, and flowers take up almost as much water as in the balance of their life.

STEP 8

Storage of cut Flowers in the Flower Cooler ?

Is it good to put as many flowers in a storage container as possible?

• No, do not put too many flowers in one vase.
• This cause bruising and faster dying.

How often should the water be changed for cut flowers in the cooler?

• Change the water every 2 days – don’t just top it off.
• This is the single most effective step to keep our flowers looking fresh.

Can fruits be stored near flowers in the cooler?

• No, keep cut flowers away from fruit, which releases a gas that causes flowers to age faster.
• The way that you treat flowers after cutting affects how long they will last for the consumer. Master the basics—cooling, cleanliness, and proper care.

STEP 9 PREPARATION OF OASIS FOAM FOR FLOWERS

What is the proper preparation method of Oasis foam?

• To properly use flower foam:  Allow foam to hydrate (suck up solution) on its own.
• When the flower foam goes to the bottom of the container it is filled with water

If in a hurry can the Oasis be forced to take up the solution faster?

• ABSOLUTELY NOT, under no circumstances do you ever do this.
• Do not force the flower foam under the solution to “speed up” the process as air pockets in the foam will likely result.

Is it okay to soak the Oasis flower foam in just regular water?

• No, always soak flower foam in fresh flower solution, never in plain tap water.  Fresh flower food can help overcome some potential negative effects of the foam on flower life.

To save time, can Oasis’s flower foam be made up and kept in a container for days?

• Absolutely not – do not soak Oasis in water for days… what will happen:  BACTERIA, BACTERIA AND MORE BACTERIA

How often should the Oasis soaking solution be changed?

• Change the soaking solution daily. Using old solution to soak new flower foam is a sure way to reduce flower life.

How should Oasis floral foam be cut?

• Cut it to fit the shape of container, leaving enough space for reserve water.

Which is better to cut Oasis flower foam when dry or wet?

• Floral foam cuts easier when wet.

How should the flower stem ends be inserted in the Oasis flower foam?

• Whenever possible, insert flower stem ends below the solution level in the design to help ensure solution uptake.

Does using Oasis foam cut down on the life span of cut flowers?

• When floral foam is used, flower vase life is reduced by an average 17% which includes both the plus and minus flower food treatments.

Can I just put Orchids directly into an Oasis?

• Never put ORCHIDS directly into an OASIS…they must be put into water tubes and then inserted into the Oasis flower foam.

If a flower is removed from an Oasis is it ok to put back in same hole?

• No, once the flower is removed from OASIS…
• Do not re-insert flower back into the same hole.

Why can I not put the flower back in the same whole it came out of?

• By pulling out the flower stem you have created an air pocket.
• Flowers should be re-cut under water and inserted into a new space.
• If you put the flower back in same hole the flower will wilt, hang over or die within hours.

STEP 10

MAINTENANCE

What steps do I take for Proper Maintenance of Flower Vases, Buckets, & Tools?

–         Disinfect storage buckets with household bleach prior to each use.

–         Scrub and sterilize buckets and tubs between batches of flowers, using a detergent that contains a disinfectant.

–         Do not sit clean buckets on the floor after they have been sterilized:  Either stack them immediately or place them on a sterilized cart to dry before stacking.

–         Every four to six weeks, sterilize coolers (shelves, walls, and floors) with a disinfecting detergent or with an anti-bacterial cleaner.

–         Gather dropped flower petals or leaves in coolers daily.

–         Work diligently to keep tables clean and sterile, this will help ensure that flowers will perform well up to and beyond the point of sale.

Why is it important to clean my tools and practice good hygiene?

• Good sanitation — of buckets, pruners, and water — cuts down on the growth of bacteria, which plug the flower stem ends, preventing the uptake of water, and the flowers die of thirst. Commercial cut-flower preservatives prevent bacteria from growing and extend the life of bouquets up to 75 percent when used in the proportions given on product labels.

What Maintenance should be done on a Daily basis?

• To reduce spreading microorganisms, clean and sanitize everything that comes in contact with cut flowers this includes countertops where flower are being laid for arranging.

• Begin with cutting tools: Keep blades sharp and clean.

• Sterilize cutting tools at least once daily.

• Always use a clean vase…wash with soap and Clorox

• Dry flower vases upside down.

• The outside can be dried with paper towel but inside should air dry or use wet.

There are many diverse styles of bridal flower bouquets.  Each style will has its own unique name and some date back in history.  Selecting the proper wedding flower bouquet can be a daunting decision with so many different styles from which to choose.  When deciding on the proper bridal bouquet the wedding ceremony, venue setting, style of dress, and size of bride should be part of the decision making process.

A bridal bouquet can be from a single stem calla lily to a full bridal bouquet with draping flowers. The style of flowers that you ultimately select will most likely mirror that of your wedding dress.  For example, a chic and elegant column dress will be flattered with a single stem of calla lily, but a princess style dress with lots of detail would be better complimented with a more round or oval flower bouquet.  A very traditional style of wedding dress would look fantastic with round flower bouquets, oval bouquets, cascading bouquets, or crescent bouquets. Take into consideration the shape and style of your wedding dress.  Then choose a bouquet that will work with it.

Also, size of the bride is another factor to take into account.  Generally, petite brides look best carrying a small flower bouquets, hand-tied flower bouquets or nosegay bouquets.  Cascading flower bouquets, arm bouquets, and crescent bouquets with tendrils of flowers or Ivy are great choices for tall brides.  Larger flower bouquets work better for the tall bride as opposed to smaller flower bouquets.  Short Brides look best carrying round flower bouquets, hand-tied bouquets, or a crescent style bouquet with tendrils. For the full figured bride big flower bouquets works well for you and you can carry almost any bouquet style with the exception of tiny bouquets.

Every bride has her own special style and taste.  There are no two brides or no two weddings the same.  This is true for the wedding flower bouquet; no two are ever the same. Below are descriptions of the different styles of Bridal Bouquets to help you determine the best bridal bouquet for your style and size.

For today’s bride the most popular choices are as follows:

• The Posy Flower Bouquet

A Posy bouquet is round and small and can easily be held in one hand. There are two styles of posy flower bouquets, one style is loose, hand tied and unstructured, the other formal and wired. The stems of the flowers are removed and replaced with florist’s wire. This provides a much lighter posy with and easy to hold handle.

The Posy Bouquet

Usually the Posy Flower Bouquet is wrapped in satin, velvet or organza ribbon with embellishments of pearl pins and beading trims. The Posy bouquet is the most popular choice for brides in Dubai.

The Clutch or Hoop Bouquet

The Clutch or Hoop Bridal Bouquet

The Clutch or Flower Hoop Bouquet hand-tied bouquet is a loose-tied arrangement of a simple gathering of flowers, bound and tied with ribbon with stems left exposed.  Queen Anne’s lace, phlox and cosmos are magnificent examples of this style.

The style of bridal flower bouquet is one of the least complicated to make. It has no definite style or shape and usually features the bride’s favorite flowers hand-tied in a bunch.

This is a beautiful choice for an outdoor wedding with that just picked from the garden look. Long-stemmed flowers look especially lovely in this style with the stems wrapped in a large satin ribbon accented with little pearls.

• The Teardrop or Cascading Bouquet

Teardrop or Cascading Bouquet

Teardrop or cascading flower bouquet is quiet popular today.  They are designed in a fluid shape to gracefully spill over the bride’s hands to trail downwards for a sophisticated and stylized look.  The Teardrop flower bouquet is roundish at the top but pointy at the bottom.  Almost any flower can be used in this design.  It is one of the most traditional and elaborate flower bouquets and is perfect for a traditional wedding.

The Cascading bouquet, which is the most formal and most traditional of bridal flower bouquets, is designed to spill gracefully over the bride’s hands as it flows downward for a sophisticated and stylized look.  The traditional shower bouquet is known as the large multi-trail bouquet, subsequently renamed the princess in honor of the late Princess Diana and her impressive bridal flower bouquet.  The modern smaller version is called the teardrop bouquet or trail bouquet.

Originally the cascading flower bouquets were originally referred to as shower bouquets or teardrop bouquet. These replaced the fashion of posies around the time of 1910.  This style became over stated and large they almost covered up the bride. They reached their peak from 1920 – 1930′s until WWII.

• The Nosegay Bouquet

The Nosegay Bouquet

This type of floral bouquet came into existence in the 14^th century.  It became more popular during the time of Queen Victoria, from mid-18^th century.  The Nosegay Bouquet follows the usual shape of a round bouquet but densely filled flowers.

The Nosegay can be a small, medium or a large size bouquet.  The most widely used flowers for nosegay bouquets are roses, carnations, iris, and daisies.  The Nosegay Bouquet can be made either with only one type of flower or a combination of flowers.  Traditionally they mounted in a tussie-mussie which is a small Victorian style metal or glass cone-shaped holder.

The Nosegay is very popular with flower girls and bridesmaids. In modern times it has been revived and reinvented with additions of lovely satin and organza ribbons and larger floral arrangements.

• The Biedermeier Bouquet

The Biedermeier Bouquet

This flower bouquet has recently shown a surge in popularity due to its dramatic beauty and contrast.  The Biedermeier bridal bouquet has a very pleasing geometry design. This flower bouquet is entirely symmetrical with the flowers arranged in symmetric circles.

This style of bouquet is European-influenced.  The flowers are closely structured and carefully designed in defined circular patterns of different colored flowers.  Each ring or circle in the Biedermeier Bouquet has one variety of flowers only.

Originating in Switzerland in the late 1800’s the Biedermeier style flower bouquet often contained orange and lemon peels for extra fragrance.  The Biedermeier named for a German style of interior design.

The Biedermeier flower bouquet is perfect for carrying out your wedding theme colors.  This can be a finishing touch to a very stylish and beautiful wedding.

• The Arm Sheaf Bouquet or Presentation Bouquet

The Arm Sheaf Bouquet or Presentation Bouquet

Originally known as the Bernhardt bouquet.  It was inspired by the presentation bouquets given to the popular actress of the day, Sarah Bernhardt.  It first became popular in the early 1900’s.   Also known as the presentation or Arm Sheaf Bouquet, the design consists of long stemmed flowers such as calla lilies, gladiolus, orchids or long stemmed roses.  The Sheaf can be single-ended, with stems showing at one end or double-ended with no stems showing. Beautiful ribbon provides the finishing touch.

This is a  very chic and stunning alternative to more traditional styles of flower bouquets.  It is best for modern weddings.  This style is tastefully designed to be cradled in the bride’s arm and can be as simple or as elaborate as the bride chooses.   Carried in one arm, it is an elegant and natural flower bouquet which looks beautiful with sheath or slim wedding gowns.  However due to its size, carrying Sheaf style bouquet may be less popular with brides who wish to keep their arms free during their wedding.

• Single Stem Bouquet

Single Stem Bouquet

Looking for a flower bridal bouquet that is simple but classically elegant?  Then the Single Stem Bouquet is perfect for you. It usually highlights a single large flower such as a lily or a truly elegant single stem of Phalaenopsis Orchids flowers accented with ribbon wrapped around the stem for added emphasis.

• The Ballerina Bouquet

The Ballerina Bouquet

The ballerina bouquet is softly romantic round bouquet.  It is designed using of tulle and few flowers. This type of flower bouquet was popular in the early 1940s when flowers were scarce due to World War II.  For modern brides, a ballerina bouquet offers a cost-effective, yet beautiful solution for a tight floral budget.

The tulle was used to give the flower bouquet added bulk and it gives it a romantically soft elegant look.  It goes beautifully when carried by a bride wedding gown that has tulle or organza overlay.  Ribbons, pearls, or crystals are frequently used to complete the Ballerina design.

• The Scepter Bouquet

The Scepter Bouquet

If you are looking for a flower bouquet to provide a touch of drama to your wedding day then The Scepter Bouquet is for you.  This design takes the shape of an over-sized flower wand.

The handles are extra long, accented with ribbon, cording, pearls or crystals.  The scepter bouquets are suitable for any wedding occasion and may be carried by any member of the wedding party.

• The Muff Bouquet

The Muff  flower bouquet was created early in the century and was very popular in Europe.  Due to the cold winters it was borne out of necessity.

In mid winter, the bride’s hands would sit into the muff, a lovely corsage-shaped bouquet attached at the front.  Unusual and unique, a perfect choice for a winter wedding.

• The Prayer Book Bouquet or Bible Spray

   

   

This flower bouquet style is designed using a Bible or small Prayer Book as the platform upon which a small bouquet is placed. The design may consist of small cluster of flowers and finished is about the size of a corsage.  It is attached with ribbons or a small armature to prevent damage to the book.

An alternate way of carrying a Prayer Book is to place a single flower stem through the center of the book. The Bible or Prayer Book spray bouquet is a sign of faith and spirit. A long-time favorite of devout brides. While this style is a traditional choice it can be designed in a modern manner.

According to a recent survey conducted by the Society of American Florists, over 60% of men surveyed said that they would like to receive flowers on Valentine’s Day.  Every week at UpScale & Posh Flowers we deliver many flower gifts to men and have seen this steadily increase since 2002.  As within the floral industry in general, this is an indication as to how times have changed with flowers being a perfect fit for the men in your life.

When trying to decide on the appropriate time to send him flowers, simply take into consideration the occasions on which he sends you flowers.  If he sends flowers on your birthday, anniversary, or perhaps just as a “thank you” then those would be perfect occasions for sending him flowers. Send him flowers for job promotions, Valentine’s Day, or as a host gift, etc.  Most importantly don’t forget that no reason is often the best reason of all! Most women love receiving flowers for no reason and it should not be surprising that men feel the same way.  A surprise gift of flowers will surely seize his attention and capture his appreciation!

For every man, there is an appropriate flower choice! It is also important to keep in mind that certain flowers can symbolize powerful feelings.  We all like to feel special; however, it requires a bit more discretion when sending flowers to a man.  This is where UpScale & Posh Flowers can help, because we’ve been asking our customers and industry friends what flowers they recommend for guys. From romantic gestures to modern office arrangements, UpScale and Posh Flowers has a whole category devoted to just men (http://www.upscaleandposh.com/categories/Occasion/For-Him/).

When sending flowers to a guy you want to choose a “masculine” monochromatic palette.  Men are stimulated by color and are visually oriented. Research shows men prefer vivid hues such as orange, red, purple, bright yellow, and gold.   At UpScale & Posh Flowers, we have found that men much prefer tropical flowers such as:  Orchids, Anthuriums, Birds of Paradise, Heliconia, and Ginger.  These flowers have a   ”personality” and a “strong appearance.”

The style of the flower design is an important element to consider when sending flowers to a man.  Contemporary or exotic floral arrangements, with strong clean lines and a more natural style, are great selections for guys.  Linear or natural styles are more appropriate than “fluffy” ones.  Never send pastel colors or traditional ‘feminine” arrangements that are too frilly in design.

Professional florists’ can attest to the fact, that they have known for decades that men love flowers.  Currently, there is an increasing trend of men buying flowers for their offices and homes.  They also appreciated bright colorful floral arrangements on their desk or fragrant flowers in their foyers. Send flowers to the man in your life today!

Truly the quintessential messengers of love, Roses are a surefire way to celebrate a new love or a romantic milestone. During the Victorian era, sweethearts often used other varieties of fresh flowers to send messages to one another – each expressing a different heartfelt emotion.   Today, these traditions of floral gifts are carried on as ways to commemorate each wedding anniversary.

1st. Anniversary – Carnation: Symbolizing admiration is the Red Carnation whereas the White Carnation flower represents pure and innocent love. The delicate & feminine pink bloom carnation conveys the message of “I’ll never forget you.”  The carnation flower with its long-lasting qualities and clove-like delicate fragrance embodies joy and commitment promised for years to come.

2nd Anniversary – Lily of the Valley: This flower signifying happiness and purity of heart.  Lilies of the valley have long been associated with humility and devotion. According to legend, a nightingale’s affection for this beautiful flower was so strong that it wouldn’t return to the woods until the flower bloomed in spring.

3rd Anniversary – Sunflower: It has been said that a gift of sunflowers signifies a “devout admirer.” This flower represents strength, warmth, and nourishment which are all attributes of the sun.  The way in which a sunflower turns to follow the sun symbolizes deep loyalty and constancy.

4th Anniversary – Hydrangea: Beautiful lush large round balls of flowers filled with a delicate lace of small petals.  The hydrangea flower symbolizes both gratefulness and pride – celebrating heartfelt praise and appreciation.

5th Anniversary – Daisy: Legend was in Victorian times that maidens would pluck a daisy’s petals one by one to predict their romantic future.  Daisies are also known to be a sign of innocence, purity and gentleness.  These virtues are for both the giver and recipient, with the meaning of carnation flowers declaring: “You have as many virtues as this flower has petals.”

6th Anniversary – Calla Lily: The beautiful Calla Lily Flower with its trumpet-shaped blooms and graceful, slender profile – signifies a symbol of transition and growth.  This flower reflects the beauty and pride gained from shared wisdom over time.

7th Anniversary - Freesia: The Freesia flower is a symbol of trust and fidelity.  Freesia is an antidote to the proverbial saying that the seventh year of marriage provokes restlessness. With the Freesia flower representing faithfulness through the seasons, it’s a traditional reminder of love’s honorable character.

8th Anniversary – Lilac: With their irresistibly perfumed fragrant blooms, and deep green leaves heart-shaped leaves the lilac flower have been treasured for generations. Evocative of springtime and young love, they symbolize and recall love’s first emotions.

9th Anniversary – Bird of Paradise: This tropical flower resembles one of the most striking and exotic birds in the world.  The birds of paradise flower with its large orange and blue blossoms is said to symbolize magnificence and splendor.  This flower celebrates romance’s unexpected side.

10th Anniversary – Daffodil: In nature, as in romance, the daffodil reminds us of renewal and simple pleasures. This flower has a fresh sweet fragrance.  This joyful bloom symbolizes singular love and chivalry.

11th Anniversary – Tulip: This flower denotes a declaration of love.  According to legend, the tulip’s velvety black center represents a lover’s heart darkened by the heat of passion. The Tulip is believed by many to be the most romantic of flowers.  Tulips are also recognized for their elegance and grace.

12th Anniversary – Peony: When in full bloom, the beautiful magnificent lush peony flower embodies romance and prosperity. The Peony is recognized as the flower of riches and honor, the peony is regarded as an omen of good fortune and a happy marriage.

13th Anniversary – Chrysanthemum: The Chrysanthemum flower has long associated with abundance and loveliness.  The chrysanthemum is also a symbol for fidelity.

14th Anniversary – Orchid: A pink orchid message conveys pure affection. The popular cattleya orchid is representative of mature charm.  This flower has a universal message of love, beauty, wisdom and thoughtfulness.  The graceful orchid symbolizes affection and understanding.

15th Anniversary – Rose: The Rose is one of the earliest flowers known to man.  This flower is symbolic of so many emotions.  It is associated with love, magic, hope, and passion. Legend has it that Cleopatra scattered rose petals before Mark Antony’s feet representing ultimate beauty and perfection. Exquisite and radiant, the Rose is the quintessential messenger of love.

20th Anniversary – Aster: This flower is believed to have magical properties.  The Aster is said to be a talisman of love. The Aster symbolizes patience and elegance and with the star-like bloom this flower represents a combination of gained wisdom and good fortune.

25th Anniversary – Iris: The Iris denotes many of the best characteristics of a happy marriage: faith, hope, wisdom, valor and promise. This flower is also the emblem of France, which is an appropriate flower for one of the most romantic countries in the world.

30th Anniversary – Lily: The stately status of 30 years of marriage isn’t lost on this anniversary’s flower. In addition to symbolizing magnificence, the sweetly fragrant lily, with its star-shaped bloom, represents devotion, pride and beauty which are further testaments to such a significant milestone.

40th Anniversary – Gladiolus: Derived from the Latin word gladius, meaning “sword,” for the shape of its leaves, the gladiolus signifies remembrance.  This flower is so appropriate for an anniversary with so many years to recall.  The Gladiolus also expresses vibrancy and infatuation and this showy flower conveys a message to the recipient that he or she “pierces the heart.”

50th Anniversary – Yellow Roses & Violets: For the golden wedding anniversary with its celebration of a half century of marriage there are two flowers to represent its significance. Yellow roses have long been celebrated as the traditional gift for this anniversary. With their warm sun-kissed color, lush petals and subtle fragrance, the yellow rose represents the inner light and beauty of a long, prosperous marriage. Along with yellow roses, violets share the spotlight in commemorating this majestic occasion. According to legend, when Josephine married Napoleon, she wore a string of violets, and on every wedding anniversary thereafter, Napoleon sent her a violet bouquet. Symbolizing virtue, modesty and faithfulness, the violet flower represents the combination of humility and commitment that sustains an enduring union.

Basic Flower Arranging

In Floral Design there are 3 Main Types of Flowers in any Arrangement

1. Line Flowers - also known as Focal Flowers.  These Flowers are tall and add height and width to an arrangement. Most will have buds or flowers growing up a center stalk. Some examples of line flowers are: Gladiolus, Liatris, Snapdragon, Delphinium, Tuberose, Veronica, Curly Willow, Bells-of-Ireland, and Stock Flowers.
2. Mass Flowers - also professionally known as Intermediate Flowers.  Mass flowers give the bouquet weight and mass. Sometimes they are referred to as face flowers because they are generally round and full faced.  Most mass flowers come with only one flower on the end of the stem.  These are the flowers used to begin the design of the arrangement. They are usually the focal point of the bouquet or arrangement.  As far as colors are concerned, the mass flowers will incorporate the main colors of the arrangement. Some flowers commonly used as mass flowers in flower arrangements are: Rose, Carnation, Gerbera, Sunflower, Lily, Daffodil, Tulip, Iris, Freesia, Zinnia, Alstroemeria, Protea, and Chrysanthemums. Tip: Mass flowers are a good choice for a simple, quick vase full of flowers and are often sold in bunches.
3. Filler Flowers – are exactly what they are called: flowers that fill in the spaces left by the Line and Mass flowers. Filler flowers (stems with a lot of little flowers) and foliage will round out your bouquet and give it a soft, full look.  They are often stems with lots of little flowers, like Gypsophila, Queen Anne’s Lace, Limonium, Solidago, Aster, Fern, Eucalyptus and greenery.  All of these filler flowers are used to round out your flower arrangement.

Now you are ready to begin your design.

Step 1:  Choosing Vase – If you get the quantity of flowers to vase right then the rest is simple.   If you are using a bubble bowl or chunky cube calls then you will use short-cut flowers.  A tall slender vase should hold longer flowers, like gladiola, calla lilies, roses, etc. Rule of thumb in flower design is a vase should be about one-third of the floral arrangement’s total height. For example: one-third vase and two-thirds flowers. When designing with round/fat vases, the proper ratio should be closer to 50:50.

Step 2:  Water Preparation – Prepare a vase of water before cutting blooms. Fill approximately 1/3 of the Vase with lukewarm water.  Add a flower preservative to the water in the vase.

• Step 3: Cut! – Take one flower; hold up to the vase and eyeball a good height before you make the cut.  If a mistake is made and you end up cutting them too short, just choose a   smaller vase for your arrangement.  This is very important:   Always cut stems at an angle, underwater, and remove foliage below the water line.   Change water daily to aid in the longevity of your floral design.

Step 4:  The best part?  Follow these steps and instructions and once you start doing it, you’ll get your own ideas and inspirations.  Perhaps you will create your own signature floral look!

For Flowers in Dubai visit www.upscaleandposh.com

Flowers & Astrology.  Certain flowers are found to have greater attraction to those who belong to a specific astrological sign. When choosing a birthday arrangement,  it can be very helpful to know what flowers should be gifted to our friends and love ones with respect to their zodiac sign.

Pisces: (Feb 19 – Mar 20) Known for their gentleness and serenity, those born under the zodiac sign of Pisces excel at understanding themselves and others more than any other birth sign.   Water runs through all the flower signs but especially through the Pisces which accentuates their intuitive abilities.  A water sign with an open heart, generous spirit and remarkable compassion, it’s not surprising that Pisces tend to be popular among all types of people. Easygoing and affectionate, the Pisces has a tendency to lead with emotion rather than rationality.  It is also said of the Pisces that they are more often ruled by instinct over intellect.

This astrological sign is sometimes able to absorb ideas and thoughts of those around them. The Pisces can be emotionally swayed by other people’s feelings too. Sometimes their emotions can run out of control, but the Pisces can turn to their natural creative abilities to help themselves get grounded. They are a natural artist, dancer, and musician. Pisces are recognized as excellent communicators, and may be drawn to other languages as well.

Birth Sign Flower: Send your Pisces in Dubai Flowers that convey your great admiration and appreciation, while still keeping in mind that their personality can be uncomfortable with grand gestures of affection.  What would our world look like without the spiritual, intuitive and comedic qualities of Pisces?

Want to Send Flowers in Dubai for the Pisces in your life?  When choosing for the Pisces avoid sending a flower arrangement that feels too bold or showy.  Their zodiac flowers include:

• Water Lily
• Madonna Lily
• Jasmine
• Gypsophila
• Alstroemeria
• Orchids
• Lilac

Flowers Dubai:  Now that you know which flowers are good for the Pisces why not send a birthday gift from a Flower Shop in Dubai to celebrate the birthday of your Pisces in Dubai?  Also, a fun interpretation would be to give these flowers as gifts, or a house warming presents.  Your Pisces recipient is sure to be wowed by your level of thoughtfulness. For Pisces flower delivery in Dubai visit upscaleandposh.com

If you are having your Wedding in Dubai, the Dubai Health Authority will issue your Marriage Blood Test Certificates. The cost will be approximately Dh260.  This is a completely separate blood test from the blood test you took to obtain a residency visa.  The Marriage Blood Test Certificate is required to present along with your marriage certificate for registration. This test is usually done about a week before the ceremony and the certificate will be issued in Arabic.

Christian Weddings in Dubai:

For a Christian wedding, your nationality determines the legal process. Visit your embassy for advice on the proper and legal procedure.

The process will be something like this. It will vary depending on your nationality.  If you are working with a wedding planner they can be of great help to facilitate the tedious process.

• Visit your embassy for advice on the proper and legal procedure. Your passport will be required and you will need to sign an affidavit to say you’re not already married.  If you are of different nationalities, each will need to contact your respective embassies to find out what the proper or correct procedure is.

• UK citizens need to post UK citizens need to post a notice of their intention to marry at the embassy. This costs approximately 1,500 AED and takes approximately three weeks or so before you can collect the banns and go to a church to get married.
• US citizens need to get married by a pastor (phone one of the churches to make this arrangement).
• Indian citizens can apparently get married at their embassy in Abu Dhabi.
• The Jebel Ali Church, for example, costs Dh1, 500 for UAE residents and Dh2,250 for non-residents, and it takes a few weeks for the legalities to be finalized.
• It could be possible for your marriage to take place at your embassy; otherwise you’ll have to go to a church.
• For Dubai Marriage, the cost for a marriage at Jebel Ali Church is 1,500AED for UAE residents and 2,250AED for non-residents.  It will take several weeks for the legalities to be finalized.
• If you are married in an English speaking church, you will receive a marriage certificate in English. This needs to be translated into Arabic by a court approved translator for your marriage to be valid in the UAE. Fees approximately 100 AED.
• You will need to submit both English & Arabic Marriage certificates to the Notary Public Office at the Dubai Courts for certification (another 100 AED fee). You may need to have UAE residence visas to be able to do this.
• The next step is to go to the Ministry of Justice to get the certification authenticated.
• Once the above step is completed go to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to get the MoJ authentication authenticated.
• Finally, visit your embassy to get the MoFA authentication authenticated so that your marriage certificate is authenticated for validity in your home country. If you are of different nationalities, you’ll have to go to both your respective embassies.

Proper conditioning will ensure that the flowers are in the best condition for the maximum possible amount of time.  At UpScale & Posh Flowers, we consider the most important preparation element to be cutting the flower stems UNDERWATER before putting them into the vase.  Cutting underwater is not a processing procedure readily practiced in this region but it is of paramount importance. Cutting underwater prevents air from getting into the capillary network of the stem which will cause the flower to die more quickly.  Stems that are dried out, even for an instant, will kill the cells at the stem end, preventing the flower from drawing water and shortening bloom life.

Air locks in the stem are the most common cause of wilting.  It can be compared to a person having a stroke when air gets into the blood stream.  It is much the same for the flower.  This is why you will see the heads of flowers wilt and fall over.  Flowers should not only be cut underwater but they should always be cut at a 45 degree angle.  Cutting at a 45 degree angle exposes more of the pithy center for water uptake thus giving the flower a longer vase life.

At Flowers Dubai, we suggest the following preparation for your flowers. These steps will ensure a longer vase life.

• Firstly, remove any foliage that will end up underwater in the vase this will ensure your flowers do not become infected with bacteria.  This is vital because leaves in water will begin to rot – this will cause a buildup of bacteria and may block the stem ends as well as feeding the flower heads with the bacteria. You should also remove any extra leaves or foliage from the flower. In doing this it keeps the water going through the flower stem to the head of the flowers instead of being diverted to the extra foliage.  Removing the additional foliage will also make the arrangement look more tidy and manicured especially if it is in a glass vase.  If you are arranging roses do not remove thorns as it is best to leave them on so air does not enter the stem of the rose.
• Secondly, cut off one inch (2.54 cm) of stem at a 45 degree slant with a sharp knife or pruning shears under water.  Do not use scissors, as they will crush the stems and prevent water freely flowing up to the flower heads.  Please note: STEMS SHOULD NEVER BE HAMMERED OR CRUSHED. While flower is still underwater gently scrape the sides of the flower stems with a knife. Scrape only the bottom inch or two on the flower stem.  Removing bits of the stems’ fiber in this manner will assist the flowers in absorbing water easier.
• Thirdly after removing any leaves and cutting underwater, without waiting a single second immediately plunge flowers into a vase that is pre-filled with conditioned lukewarm water (use cold water for daffodils, tulips, and other bulb flowers) and mist the flowers with cool water.

Add a flower preservative provided by your florist in Dubai. This will extend the life of the flowers. The little packets of flower food are bactericides that kill the bacteria, yeasts, and fungi.